However, to date, with the exception of high-power microwave radiation, which has widely established hazardous effects, the biological effects of microwaves remain controversial. Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. 2013;42:428. It is noteworthy that most of the above mentioned studies were based on the theory that the effects caused by microwaves are non-thermal. Long term and excessive use of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation alter microRNA expression in brain. The fields had an average power density of 0, 5, 10 or 50mW/cm2. Motawi et al. 1 of 41 Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings Oct. 04, 2015 4 likes 4,519 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment The presentation proves beyond any doubt, the harmful affects of microwaves and radio frequency waves on humans and other living beings Padmanabhan Krishnan Follow Dr. Google Scholar. Radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) radiation are electromagnetic radiation in the frequency ranges 3 kilohertz (kHz) - 300 Megahertz (MHz), and 300 MHz - 300 gigahertz (GHz), respectively. [101] exposed rats to microwave radiation at frequencies of 0, 900, 1800 and 2450MHz (SARs: 0, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.66mW/kg, respectively) using a transverse electromagnetic cell for 2months for 2h/d, 5 d/week. 2014;53:22230. But microwave refers to wavelengths in microns so the. In epidemiology, there is no conclusive evidence showing that microwaves have carcinogenic effects. Among the variety of neurotransmitters, glutamate is the most abundant endogenous amino acid in the mammalian central nervous system. Ozben T. Oxidative stress and apoptosis: impact on cancer therapy. 2007;27:6024. Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of prenatal exposure to WIFI signal (2.45 GHz) on postnatal development and behavior in rat: influence of maternal restraint. After studying these effects, Hertel concluded that microwaving food leads to food degeneration. The levels of NMDA receptor subunits were increased 1 month after irradiation. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA fragmentation on astrocytes in primary culture after acute exposure to low intensity microwave electromagnetic field. In the probe test, the exposed group could not locate the platform and exhibited a significantly higher mean latency (i.e., 3-fold higher) to reach the target quadrant, and they spent only half the time that the controls spent in the target quadrant. J Mol Neurosci. 2017;326:291. Sci STKE. Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, Takubo K, Matsuoka S, Miyamoto K, et al. 1 Microwave radiation may also lead to skin cancer/health problems when we are within the radius of a cell phone tower in a certain specified limited distance. In summary, there is evidence that microwave radiation can lead to alterations in protein synthesis or protein modifications; however, the results are controversial. Quantitation, regional vulnerability, and kinetic modeling of brain glucose metabolism in mild Alzheimers disease. [80] found that irradiation with 900MHz, 2W/kg continuous microwaves for 24h induced an increase in rat neuronal apoptosis. The results showed that gestational Wi-Fi exposure and restraint adversely affected offspring neurodevelopment and behavior in adulthood. A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. Studies have extensively explored the underlying mechanisms by which microwaves influence learning and memory functions, especially synaptic structures and functions, oxidative stress and apoptosis, protein synthesis, genes and individual susceptibility and energy metabolism. Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation - Health Effects | Occupational The results of EEG and analyses of the structure of the brain after radiation have also confirmed the influence of microwaves. Brain electrical activity originates from the membrane potential of the neuron itself and the fluctuation in membrane potential. J Radiat Proc. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Decreased expression of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes of oxidative phosphorylation in association neocortex in Alzheimer disease. Correspondence to Microwave irradiation affects radial-arm maze performance in the rat. Glucose is the main energy source and is closely related to brain neurotransmitters and cholesterol synthesis [106]. 2013;73:4737. Bioelectromagnetics. Microwaves of 50mW/cm2 increased the levels of the major excitatory amino acids Asp and glutamic acid (Glu) and the inhibitory amino acids gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Gly, while 6h later in the 30mW/cm2 group, the level of Gly was reduced in the cerebral cortex. broad definition in terms of frequencies between. In industrial fields, exposure is usually occupational, and its sources include the surgical and physiotherapeutic use of diathermy, dielectric heating (i.e., heating and vulcanization applications), microwave ovens, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical diagnostic equipment, radar, military and research microwave systems, electricity-supplying networks, and electricity-distributing and transmitting equipment [3]. Kumar M, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. Part of Dendritic spines, which are small protrusions that extend from dendritic shafts, are also cellular compartments containing signaling molecules that are important for synaptic transmission and plasticity [88,89,90,91]. Johnson OL, Ouimet CC. [105] identified stable C-T mutation sites at 217 points by screening for SNPs in the GRIN2B promoter region in rats. Neuroreport. 2006;27:295306. Gage FH, Kelly P, Bjorklund A. The visual reaction time and short-term memory of healthy male and female workers at a radar site with a frequency range of 218GHz was recorded with a simple blind computer-assisted-visual reaction time test or modified Wechsler Memory Scale test. The frequencies of these devices are listed in Table1. . PubMed Per the FDA, the microwave can heat human skin. To investigate the effects of microwaves radiation on apoptotic activity, cell viability, and cell cycle progression, which can provide information about microwaves radiation effects on neural cells over the period from embryonic stages to infants. Cancer in radar technicians exposed to radiofrequency/microwave radiation: sentinel episodes. 1975;148:1723. Bad impacts a microwave has on our daily lives. World J Biol Chem. Li H, Li C. Apoptosis gene expression and their relationship to mtDNA mutation in tumor tissues of gynecologic oncology patients. Radiat Res. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61571455). daily life. Bioelectromagnetics. Rf and mw radiation hazards - SlideShare Microwaving Food Leads to a Negative Impact on Human Physiology & the Heart. Cosquer B, Kuster N, Cassel JC. Cell Biochem Biophys. Electromagn Biol Med. Richter et al. PubMed 2010;1347:17985. Mortazavi S, Rouintan M, Taeb S, Dehghan N, Ghaffarpanah A, Sadeghi Z, et al. Rev Environ Health. Qutob S, Chauhan V, Bellier P, Yauk C, Douglas G, Berndt L, et al. Technol Cancer Res Treat. Exposure to microwaves and silencing p-synapsin I reduced the release of GABA, and maximum reduction was achieved when both were combined, indicating a synergistic effect. Gold PE. Do Microwaves Affect Your Health? The Impact of Microwave Radiation - WebMD Then that poisonous acid harms the kidneys and nervous system. Cobb et al. Resting state cortical EEG rhythms in Alzheimer's disease: toward EEG markers for clinical applications: a review. MicroRNAs in neuronal function and dysfunction. Neurotoxicology. The Microwave signals in the food can cause water molecules to pulsate, generates heat to cook the food. Effects of isothermal 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the mammalian cell Ci ihff fihl2MHdifdi i Bi l h. C Spr '05 Inan, OT Thermal effects of RF he above diagram depicts the electric field alternations, at a frequency f, of the Defective actin dynamics in dendritic spines: cause or consequence of age-induced cognitive decline? Vecchio F, Babiloni C, Lizio R, Fallani FV, Blinowska K, Verrienti G, et al. EEG is often used as a tool to diagnose Alzheimers disease [48]. Mack A, Georg T, Kreis P, Eickholt BJ. The experimental rats were divided into six groups of 3 adult rats and 3 young rats in each group (with control, GSM alone and call-receiving subgroups in each group). 2006;79:13140. The interaction of microwaves with matter other than metallic conductors will be to rotate molecules and produce heat as result of that molecular motion. Int J Radiat Biol. BMJ. Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health - PubMed Above all, because of biases and variations in investigation methods, no conclusive evidence has been presented that microwaves cause cancer. Caubet R, Pedarros-Caubet F, Chu M, Freye E, de Belem RM, Moreau J, et al. Cookies policy. Thus, the committee suggested that in the future, studies should explore the border between thermal and non-thermal effects and that specific effects, such as triggering the onset of thermoregulatory reactions, should be defined. In 57% of military devices, Polish soldiers work in occupational protection zones. their effects on the human body are vastly different: - Non-ionizing Radiation Frequency range: 0.1 - 1013 Hz . Schz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. Gibson GE, Jope R, Blass J. Thurczy G, Kubinyi G, Bodo M, Bakos J, Szabo L. Simultaneous response of brain electrical activity (EEG) and cerebral circulation (REG) to microwave exposure in rats. Nature. Hans Hertel, a Swiss food scientist, initiated the first tests on microwaved food and microwave cooking to determine how microwaves affect human physiology and the blood. Calabr E, Condello S, Curr M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magaz S, et al. Mol Neurobiol. Mol Cell Biol. Nat Med. Is nuclear respiratory factor 2 a master transcriptional coordinator for all ten nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits in neurons? This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report assessing the clinical effects of daily exposure to mobile phones in general populations. Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. Kesari KK, Behari J. Fifty-gigahertz microwave exposure effect of radiations on rat brain. Behav Brain Res. Many intricate electrical activities occur in the central nervous system, including learning and memory, which are therefore vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation. Their answers to questionnaires showed that the workers suffered from symptoms including headaches, fatigue, stress and sleeplessness. Qiao et al. Zhao et al. Eliyahu I, Luria R, Hareuveny R, Margaliot M, Meiran N, Shani G. Effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted by cellular telephones on the cognitive functions of humans. 2004;2004:19. Lee TM, Ho SM, Tsang LY, Yang SY, Li LS, Chan CC. Wang et al. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. So foods which have high water content can be very easily cooked like fresh vegetables. Dasdag et al. 2006;398:2537. Cancer Res. J Neuro-Oncol. A resting eyes-closed electroencephalogram was used to continuously record the results, which showed that there was an increase in the power of the , 1 and 2 frequency bands in the 0.303W/kg group and in the 2 frequency bands in the 0.003W/kg group. An abnormal EEG is closely associated with damaged cognitive ability. Clinics. Larjavaara S, Schz J, Swerdlow A, Feychting M, Johansen C, Lagorio S, et al. J Pharm Sci. They found that escape times were substantially decreased when the animals were trained while exposed to the phone. 2004;25:4957. 2006;12:44651. Microwave Health Effects J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. In the group treated with 0.8W/kg, there was no significant change. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction.