What Was The Age Of Exploration Or The Age Of Discovery? There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. In 1521, Hernando Corts conquered the Aztecs in Mexico, gaining a territory that was larger than Spain itself. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. The Age of Exploration | History Quiz - Quizizz He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). . 4.2C: The Economic Causes and Effects of European Maritime Exploration It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. The spread of Christianity to native populations. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. . Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Where did Christopher Columbus first land? The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? All rights reserved. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. Like Corts, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541. THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. The Portuguese took the lead. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. 27 chapters | The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. Tools Used By Spanish Ships In The 15th Century | ipl.org Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. Impact of the Age of Exploration - StudyMode The Age of Discovery & Exploration - Practice Test Questions & Chapter Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. Gallery. 5 Pages. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History Seoul Station's Necromancer - Chapter 180: Defense (4) | Light Novel World Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. This creation of a trading post empire tapped into the existing slave trade among Africans with the Portuguese fully participating and expanding the trade beyond African borders. 101 Independence Ave. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. Which type of automated bidding strategy is Target CPA? What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. Sources. Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - OpenStax Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . The Library of Congress. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Islamic states had dominated. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Open Document. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration quizlet? Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. What were some effects of Spanish exploration of the Americas? Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. What did Portugal do first during the age of exploration? In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? Cortes formally claimed Mexican land for the Spanish crown in 1519. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. Henry the Navigator. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. - Translation into English - examples Arabic The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. spices, of Asia. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. Malintzin translated for Corts in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. Spanish . They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. Notes FAQ Contact . Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. 247 lessons Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. . What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. As they died, new workers were needed. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. The Spanish also brought the disease smallpox. These lands comprised most of the Americas. How Portugal Kicked Off the Age of Exploration - HISTORY The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Columbus and the Spanish Explorations - CliffsNotes What was the difference between the Portuguese and Spanish trading The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. While they are filled with distortions and fabrications, probanzas de mritos are still useful in illustrating the expectation of wealth among the explorers as well as their view that native peoples would not pose a serious obstacle to colonization. After Christopher Columbus bumped into the New World in 1492, a string of explorers and conquistadors set about claiming territory for Spain. explored isthmus of panama. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. With financial assistance from the maritime enthusiast Prince Henry the Navigator and the invention of lateen or triangular sails, the Portuguese opened trading routes along the African coast. Treaty of Tordesillas | Overview & Significance | Study.com Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. This compass showed from four to eight directions. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest | US History I (OS Collection) How did the Spanish exploration impact natives? - Sage-Advices Baker Hughes (NYSE: BKR) is a leading energy technology company that design, manufacture and service transformative technologies to help take energy forward. Portuguese explorers were excellent navigators. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. Module 4 Flashcards | Quizlet He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). In August 1521, having successfully fomented civil war as well as fended off rival Spanish explorers, Corts claimed Tenochtitln for Spain and renamed it Mexico City. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. Spanish & Portuguese Exploration of the New World & Asia | Motives Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. This button displays the currently selected search type. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. European countries started to think about forming empires, spreading Christianity, and ruling the world. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. They forced the native people to change their religion and follow Christainity. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that .